The Problem Of Illegal Immigration - 1853 Words

Regardless of what your personal beliefs are on the matter, the topic of illegal immigration has exploded into the spotlight with the upcoming 2016 election. The best estimate at this point, although there are no exact figures, states that there are nearly 12 million people living illegally in the United States. Opinions are as diverse as America’s population, ranging from tighter border security and the criminalization of anyone caught entering the country illegally to opening the borders and issuing invitations. What people from both sides of the argument can agree on is that the process of immigration into this country is broken and in dire need of a reboot. This essay will explore what it means to be an immigrant, the shortcomings of†¦show more content†¦Besides the process of naturalization, there are two traditional means of citizenship. The most common is jus sanguinis, Latin for â€Å"right of blood†. It refers to those who are considered citizens based on family ties. A child born of two American citizens will likewise be considered an American citizen, even if the child was born on foreign soil. The other path, jus soli, Latin for â€Å"right of soil† is based on the physical presence in the country at the time of birth. According to Bourke (2014), of the countries considered by the International Monetary Fund to have advanced economies, only the United States and Canada offer citizenship based on birth in the country (p.29). Section I of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution states that any child born in the United States becomes a citizen at birth. This is known as â€Å"birthright citizenship† and has become a topic of much debate in the ongoing attempts to manage illegal immigration. Why do people enter the United States illegally? Why not just do it the â€Å"right† way? Unfortunately, as Bourke (2014) explains, US immigration admission standards are a complex set of preferences, categories, and numerical limits; these change yearly, making navigating the system difficult. An estimated 4.5 million people are currently waiting to have their visa applications processed. People from Mexico or the Philippines may wait nearly 15

Native American Instruments Essay - 879 Words

Native American Musical Intruments are about natives getting together and playing there instruments. They play them on holidays and birthdays, also they play whenever they want entertainment. It’s a tradition for them. There instruments are not metal like ours so it doesn t sound like ours either. There instruments have a whole different tune and sound. Native americans love to play there instruments. Its one of their favorite things to do. I am writing about Native american musical instruments because music is a big part of there s and our lives. I like music because I play an instrument. The main instruments that they played were the drums they had a lot of different kind of drums. They other percussion instruments that they had†¦show more content†¦Regional category a description of the music encompasses vocal rhythm beat. They didn’t have have music sheets like americans do. They played with there heart and what they felt like. They had/ have meaning to th eir songs/ music. A Native American instrument can be defined as any device created for the use of making music by native nation or tribe while some instruments were more traditional than others indigenous people would play the instruments. Their music especially their singing is the iconic perception of native music in popular culture. It doesnt say when they played them so i m going to guess they usually played them on holidays and birthdays. They probably played them for entertainment. Men and women would sing separately. There s no certain age you have to play an instrument They would play for an hour for a lesson plus two or three period for the activity. You have to practice a couple weeks or even months to make by a specially trained craftsman. Your usually younger when you start. Because the younger you start the better you sound when you re older. You just have to practice when you re not busy or every night. 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African American Muslims in prison free essay sample

Most African-American Muslims look to mainstream orthodox Muslim organizations such as the Muslim Society of America (Christian Science Monitor, February 14, 2002). This includes believers once affiliated with NOI who eventually parted ways with the group due to its emphasis on Black identity.   In order to assess the potential threat of radicalism in the African-American Muslim community, it is important to distinguish between the myriad of ideologies that influence the outlook of Black Muslims today from the groups and individuals on the extreme fringe implicated in terrorism. This holds especially true when one considers social protest movements that fought for racial equality during the U.S. civil rights struggle that continue to wield influence today, such as the Nation of Islam (NOI). Founded in 1933, in its early years NOI encompassed a mix of Islamic discourse and a worldview that held that Blacks were Gods chosen people. Whites were seen as inferior, oppressors and regularly referred to as devils, in what many observers contend was a reaction to the ideals of white supremacy that prevailed in society [3]. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Muslims in prison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page NOI borrowed heavily from the beliefs held by the Moorish Science Temple. Founded in 1913 by Timothy Drew, later known as Noble Drew Ali, the Moorish Science Temple of America (MSTA), as it is referred to today, is regarded as the first major Black identity movement. Islam, Judaism, Christianity and other belief systems shaped MSTA’s worldview. MSTA declared that African-Americans are the descendants of the ancient Moorish Muslim civilization whose culture had been suppressed by the legacy of slavery.   NOI helped inspire the radical Black Power movement of the 1960s that broke with the non-violent approach of activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr., including the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, later known as the Black Panther Party (BPP). BPP did not rely on religious discourse and instead emphasized popular revolutionary struggle in the name of social justice and Black liberation. NOI also influenced Black identity movements across the English-speaking Caribbean, Canada and Great Britain. In many respects, the agendas of NOI and BPP converged in a number of areas. The Nation of Gods and Earths, also known as the Five Percent Nation of Islam or simply as the Five Percenters (FP), represents another side of the Black identity movement that mixes aspects of Islam, Judaism, Christianity and other beliefs (http://www.allahsnation.net). FP, which split from NOI in 1964, is adamant that it is not a religion, but maintains that Islam represents a way of life. Its worldview declares Blacks as the original people of the earth and the founders of civilization. FP sees Black men as Gods, which they refer to as ALLAH (Arm, Leg, Leg, Arm and Head), not to be mistaken with the Arabic word for God. FP ideology also espouses the theory of Supreme Mathematics, which among other things maintains that followers represent the chosen five percent of mankind who lead a virtuous life. FP enjoys a large following among popular Hip Hop artists and African-American activists [4]. It also has a following in the U.S. prison system, where some members have been linked with gang activity and violence [5]. FP made headlines when false allegations surfaced linking convicted Washington DC-area snipers John Allen Muhammed and John Malvo to the group. Muhammed was actually a former member of NOI, but had left the group years before the attacks.   Orthodox Sunni Muslim organizations regard MSTA, NOI and FP as heretical cults. Indias Ansar us-Sunnah Library and Research Center refers to NOI as the Nation of Kufr (unbelievers) for its emphasis on Black nationalism and identity and what it describes as a blend of false Muslim and Christian beliefs. The groups website places NOI alongside Shiites, which they describe as rafidah (rejectors), and other groups they consider heretics such as Sufis, Druze and Amhadis in a section warning Muslims to guard their faith (http://www.allaahuakbar.net). The NOI continues to grapple with the dilemma of reconciling its origins as a Black identity group with orthodox Islam. This has led to major rifts and splits within the movement over the years. Despite the influence of NOI under the charismatic leadership of Louis Farrakhan, the vast majority of Black Muslims today subscribe to orthodox Islam, a trend that has been growing over the years. Homegrown Terrorism The highly publicized Seas of David case was not the first of its kind. The case of the obscure Jamaat al-Fuqra (Community of the Impoverished, JF), a Muslim association with branches in South Asia and North America, once raised concerns about radical trends in the African-American Muslim community. Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   African Muslims in Antebellum American by Allen Austin, 1984 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Arab World Published by the Arab-American Press, 1945 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Serbia, 1987

Aunt Julia and The script Writer Essay Example For Students

Aunt Julia and The script Writer Essay The Demons WithinThere are many interesting, well developed, entertaining, colorful, exciting, and provocative characters in Mario Vargas LlosaOs novel Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter. Pedro Camacho is quite a character, as well as Aunt Julia herself. I was even greatly intrigued by such small characters as Cousin Nancy and, believe it or not, the cabdriver who helped find a mayor to marry Aunt Julia and Marito. however, nobody in the whole book interested me more than Marito Varguitas himself. He is just such a well developed character, and really seems like a person who would be fun to know. In fact, nothing about Marito interested me more than the demons that he possesses, or should I say seem to posses him and manifest themselves in his life as well as his stories. One of the many demons Marito possesses is his writing itself. he seems to constantly be in the middle of writing another short story to send to some newspaper or magazine. The thing is, none of these stories actually ever seem to be very good or successful. Throughout the novel, not one of them is ever actually publisher. Not even MaritoOs friends really like his writing. In Chapter thirteen he reads the one about Aunt Eliana to Javier, Aunt Julia, and even to Pascual and Big Pablito. After they hear it, not one of them really has anything nice to say about it at all. So, although writing is one of MaritoOs passions, it is also one of his demons. It is basically his job and how he makes a living at the radio station ORadio Panamericana,O but it controls the rest of his live away from work as well. Another demon possessed by or possessing Marito is that of age. Age obviously plays a huge role in this novel. Marito is barely eighteen years old, not even a legal adult in his own countr y, and yet he is in love with Aunt Julia, how is not only divorced, but also many years older than her lover at thirty something years old. His age seems to cause many conflicts for Marito throughout the book. The funny thing is that when it was preventing him from marrying Aunt Julia, all that was done was simply to change one number, a six to a three, to solve the problem. In the end, it really didnOt seem as if age was really the issue that was the problem for Marito and Aunt JuliaOs family. Another huge demon in the story is incest. Incest is everywhere in this book! First and most obvious is the relationship between Marito and aunt Julia. They are not actually blood relatives, but Aunt Julia is MaritoOs Uncle Luchos sister in law. But that still makes here a relative of sorts and therefore makes their relationship and eventual marriage wrong, especially in the eyes of the family. another interesting thing in the book is that every other one of Aunt JuliaOs suitors who come to call is also a distant relative of some sort. The last bit of incest comes out at the very end of the story. After and eight year marriage, and a divorce that actually devastates the family, Marito remarries an actual blood relative. He marries his cousin Patricia and turns his aunt and uncle in to his mother and father in law. ItOs funny that his family didnOt seem to have too much of a problem accepting this marriage. Perhaps they were numb to it by this time. Another demon expressed in MaritoOs writing and life is money. There never seems to be enough of it for him to do what he wants. He canOt take Aunt Julia out as much as he would like because he doesnOt earn enough money. He canOt move out of his familyOs house and solve most of his problems with them because he doesnOt earn enough money to pay rent at an apartment. He also almost risks not being able to marry Aunt Julia for want of money to pay the mayor. Likewise, money also shows up in his writing. For example, the story about the soccer referee Joaquin Hinostroza Bellmont in chapter sixteen had a great deal to do with money. In my opinion, Marito was writing about money so much due to the fact that he had none. One final demon affecting Marito is divorce. The main reason Marito and Aunt JuliaOs family is all up in arms about their relationship and marriage is not because of the age difference, that did not turn out to be that big of a deal; thither is it because they are distant relatives. No, it is mostly just be cause Aunt Julia was previously married and now divorced. Before Aunt Julia even arrived from Bolivia, the whole family was already talking badly about her. They had even gone so far as to stay up all night gossiping about her. They were probably so upset about her divorce because they are a religious family, and it meant that she could not remarry in a church. Another time this demon rears its ugly head is eight years later, when Marito and Aunt Julia divorce. The family should logically be happy. The marriage that they never wanted is now finally over. But no, they are all upset by that too. I find it strange that they even got divorced at all. Marito seemed to be fighting her previous divorce for so long, when he finally won and married her, he ended up divorcing her anyway. .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .postImageUrl , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:hover , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:visited , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:active { border:0!important; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:active , .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341 .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uca5545dd5ac8ea58572d9b2d14bef341:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Purchasing A Small Business EssayMarito seems to be affected by a great many more demons. I could go on and on, but I think that you probably get the picture. I think that without these demons or little imperfections in him, Marito would have made for a very bland, boring, dull, flat character and the story would not have been nearly as interesting as it was.

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS Essay Example

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS Essay Clinical DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS Exploitation WIDEBAND ENERGY REFLECTANCE A Doctoral Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Copyright 2008 by [ Alaaeldin Elsayed ] Clinical DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS USING WIDEBAND ENERGY REFLECTANCE Communication Sciences and Disorders Abstraction Accurate diagnosing of in-between ear upsets in grownups and kids is a ambitious undertaking because of the complexness of disorders.A Wideband energy coefficient of reflection ( WBER ) technique provides simpleness and truth in naming in-between ear upsets across broad frequence range.A This research is spread outing the surveies of WBER to look into the in-between ear map in normal and pathological conditions of the in-between ear in grownups and kids. Findingss showed that WBER non merely can separate unnatural from normal in-between ear map but besides can qualify different in-between ear upsets in grownups and children.A Several specific WBER forms were established in a assortment of in-between ear upsets among grownups and kids that will assist in early diagnosing of such pathologies.A The ER form was including important higher Erbium in the kids control group than the grownup control group at 0.5 kilohertzs and 1 kilohertz, abnormally high or shallower in otosclerotic ears, ab normally low in ears with TM perforation and abnormally low ER with deep notch in ears with hypermobile TM.A In presence of negative middle-ear force per unit area, elevated ER at ambient force per unit area is besides expected.A Results besides showed that standard tympanometry was less sensitive in naming in-between ear upsets when compared to WBER particularly in otosclerotic instances. Further surveies are still required to formalize the clinical usage of ER in larger figure of persons with confirmed in-between ear upsets. We will write a custom essay sample on CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer KEYWORDS:A wideband energy coefficient of reflection, otosclerosis, otitis media with gush, eustachian tubing disfunction, tympanometry. This abstract is approved as to organize and content Wafaa Kaf, MD, MS, PhD Chairperson, Advisory Committee Missouri State Universit Clinical DIAGNOSIS OF MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS USING WIDEBAND ENERGY REFLECTANCETITLE OF THESIS By Alaaeldin Elsayed A Doctoral Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College Of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctorate, Audiology Recognitions I would wish to thank so many who encouraged me along this dissertation.A First and first, I am grateful to God for all his approvals. I am really thankful to Dr. Neil DiSarno for all his support and sort lovingness throughout my graduate school education.A A Further, I am so thankful to Dr. Wafaa Kaf, my doctorial adviser, for her counsel, encouragement, and support throughout this work. A In add-on, I would wish to demo grasp to my commission members for their helpful remarks and way for this dissertation.A Particular thanks besides to the module and secretarial staff of the Department of Communication Science and Disorders. Thankss to Dr. Walid Albohy, and Dr. Ahmad Alhag for their aid in roll uping informations for this survey. Particular thanks and grasp for my married woman Enass and my kids Mohamed and Nada, your love and delicious liquors has kept me traveling frontward. Dedication This work is dedicated To My beloved parents, My beloved Enass, Mohamed,andNothing , Who made all of this possible, for their eternal encouragement and forbearance. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Hearing mechanism and the in-between ear Sound transmittal. The hearing procedure includes the transmittal of sound energy through the audile canal to the tympanic membrane ( TM ) .A This sound energy consequences in quiver of the TM with an equal atmospheric force per unit area on both sides of the TM.A The mechanical quivers are, so, transmitted from the TM to the air-filled in-between ear infinite and bonelets ( hammer, anvil and stirrups ) , which farther amplify the sound energy and transmit it, via ellipse window, to the fluid-filled inner ear.A At the interior ear, the mechanical quiver is converted into electric moving ridges and transmitted as nervus signals that are interpreted by the encephalon as sounds. Mechanical belongingss of in-between ear.A The in-between ear is an air-filled pit that connects the outer ear canal to the maze of the interior ear. This connexion is established through the in-between ear ossicels-malleus, anvil and stirrups. The hammer is attached to the TM by its grip ; the anvil bone lies in the center between the hammer and the stirrups while the footplate of the stirrups is attached to the ellipse window of the interior ear.A The in-between ear pit is besides connected to the nasopharyngeal pit through the Eustachian tubing ( Musiek and Baran, 2007 ) . The Eustachian tubing is of import in keeping an equal force per unit area on both sides of the TM and airing of the in-between ear cavity.A The tubing besides drain the in-between ear into the nasopharynx ( Channell, 2008 ) . Figure 1 demonstrates conventional representation of the anatomy of the ear. When the sound force per unit area moves the TM the mallus and anvil accordingly travel together as one unit around a polar point.A In making so, both castanetss act as a lever ; the lever arm formed by the manubrium of the hammer is somewhat longer than that of the anvil ( about 1:1.3 ratio ) . In bend, the rotary motion of the long procedure of the anvil around its polar point leads to the dorsum and Forth ( piston-like ) motion of the stirrups footplate in the ellipse window of the interior ear.A The motion of the stirrups footplate is straight relative to the frequence and amplitude of the sound waves.A This path of sound transmittal is called the ossiculate path .A Acoustic path is another manner of conveying sound moving ridges straight from the TM and the ellipse window to the cochlea.A The direct acoustic stimulation of the ellipse and unit of ammunition Windowss, by go throughing the bonelets ( acoustic path ) , plays a portion in sound transmissionA A A In normal ears bot h mobs are working but the upper manus is for the ossiculate path ( Voss, Rosowski, Merchant, and Peake, 2007 ) . From the above information, it appears that the in-between ear dramas of import function in the hearing process.A The in-between ear chiefly helps to rectify the electric resistance mismatching between the air-filled in-between ear and the fluid-filled cochlea and to transform the acoustic energy at the TM into mechanical energy that will finally be transferred to the inner ear.A The Impedance fiting map of the in-between ear is carried out by three mechanisms: the lever action of the bonelets of the in-between ear, the country difference between the TM and the country of the stirrups footplate, and the buckling of the curved TM.A An result of these mechanisms is that the quiver obtained from the big country of the TM is focused to the much smaller egg-shaped window of the interior ear ( 21:1 country ratio ) , ensuing in a differential force per unit area between the ellipse window connected to scala vestibuli and the unit of ammunition window connected to the scala tympani.A This fo rce per unit area derived function is critical in maximising the flow of sound energy and activation of the cochlear constructions ( Cummingss, 2004 ) .A Consequently, in-between ear upsets are expected to impact the normal transmittal of sound, ensuing in conductive hearing loss ( discussed below ) . An illustration of the anatomical construction of External, Middle and Inner ear.A Modified from Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia: Ear anatomy . In add-on to rectifying the electric resistance mismatch between the air-filled in-between ear and the fluid-filled cochlea, the in-between ear besides protects the interior ear from loud sound via the acoustic reflex.A This chiefly occurs as a consequence of automatic contraction of the two in-between ear musculuss, the tensor kettle and the stapedius, in response to loud sound taking to increased stiffness of the oscicular concatenation, and therefore diminished sound transmittal ( Allen, Jeng, and Levitt, 2005 ) .A Given that the acoustic physiological reaction chiefly decreases the transmittal of low frequence sounds therefore, it improves speech favoritism in loud, low-frequency noisy environments.A Unfortunately, the physiological reaction does non protect the ear against unprompted sounds as gun shootings due to drawn-out latency in musculus contraction ( Lynch, Peake, and Rosowski, 1994 ) . Pathophysiology of in-between ear upsets To further understand the pathology of in-between ear upsets, it is of import to see the center ear system as a vibrating mechanical system.A Such a system is composed of three elements: mass, stiffness, and friction.A When the mass and stiffness constituents are equal, alleged resonating frequence of the in-between ear, it is expected that the amplitude of quiver of the in-between ear is at maximum.A On the other manus, when there is an addition in the mass without alteration in stiffness or clash the resonating frequence is lowered and the amplitude of quiver is lowered at frequences above the resonating frequency.A In contrast, when there is an addition in the stiffness constituent of the in-between ear the resonating frequence additions and the magnitude of quiver reduces for frequences below the resonating frequence ( Roeser, Valente, and Hosford-Dunn, 2000 ) . In-between Ear Disorders are a variable group of pathological conditions that includes, for illustration, in-between ear infection ( Otitis Media with Effusion: OME ) , chronic otitis media with perforation of the TM, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ( ETD ) , ossiculate break or disruption and or/ otosclerosis.A Such in-between ear upsets may take to conductive hearing loss due to their effects on mass, stiffness, and/or clash elements of the normal in-between ear. Perforated TM is induced by chronic otitis media or injury to the ear. As a consequence, the normal construction and the map of the TM are altered. The grade of hearing loss is straight related to the size of the perforation ( Voss et al. , 2000 ) A The perforation leads to equalisation of force per unit area on both sides of the membrane which accordingly leads to perturbation of the ossiculate path and hearing loss ( Voss et al. , 2000 ) . Normally the inward motion of the stirrups is followed by an outward motion at the unit of ammunition window ( push and draw mechanism ) . In the presence of TM perforation, this push and draw mechanism of the bonelets is disturbed and the sound waves energy making the ellipse window is reduced. Ossicular disruption normally follows a violent injury to caput or as a effect of chronic otitis media and/or cholesteatoma. Disarticulation of the incudostapedial jointA due to traffic accident was the most common pathlogy of ossiculate break ( Yetiser s, 2008 ) .A With the exclusion break due to chronic otitis media, the disruption of the bonelets may or may non be accompanied by TM rupture. The hurt consequences in loss of the electric resistance fiting mechanism of the in-between ear and a conductive hearing loss of about 40-60 dubnium ( Merchant, Ravicz, and Rosowski, 1997 ) . Otosclerosis is a progressive disease of bone reabsorption and reformation that affects castanetss derived from the auricular capsule.A The etiology of the disease is non to the full understood.A The disease leads to osteodystrophy and arrested development of the stirrups in the egg-shaped window.A Among the most recognized eatiological factors is familial factors and viral infection.A Otosclerosis is characterized clinically by progressive hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness ( Menger and Tange, 2003 ) .A Both conductive and centripetal nervous hearing loss has been reported in otosclerotic patients ( Ramsay and Linthicum, 1994 ) .A Otosclerosis may impact the cochlea and other parts of the maze every bit good ( Menger and Tange, 2003 ) .A The ensuing arrested development of the footplate of the stirrups leads to increased stiffness of the ossicular concatenation early in the disease. Increased stiffness of the in-between ear affects the transmittal of low frequence sounds. At ulter ior phases of the disease, the bone starts to turn adding a mass consequence. This addition in mass of the in-between ear affects the transmittal of high frequence sounds every bit good ( Shahnaz and Polka, 1997 ) . More upsets include inflammatory conditions of the in-between ear such as otitis media ( OM ) and media with gush ( OME ) , chronic otitis media, and cholesteatoma.A OM normally consequences from upper respiratory infections or allergic reactions that lead to obstructor of the Eustachian tubing ( Channell, 2008 ) .A As a effect, negative force per unit area develops in the in-between ear ensuing in earache due to stretching of the TM and mild hearing loss due to the increased stiffness of in-between ear conveying mechanism.A If the negative force per unit area inside the in-between ear is non relieved, a transudation accumulates inside the in-between ear. The status is so called OME. The hearing is farther affected by the mass- clash consequence. The grade of hearing loss depends on the type and the sum of the transudation. The combination of fluid and force per unit area in the in-between ear was found to cut down TM motion at the umbo by 17 dubnium over the audile frequence scope ( Dai, Wood, and Gan, 2008 ) . In-between ear map steps Tuning fork proving. The tuning fork testing is one of the traditionally used qualitative hearing tests.A They are used to analyze the conductive constituent of hearing loss ( external or in-between ear pathology ) .A Several trials have been descried including: Rinne, Schwabach, Bing, and Weber tests.A For Rinne trial, the vibrating tuning fork is held against the skull, normally on the mastoid procedure bone behind the ear to do quivers through the castanetss of the skull and interior ear.A To do quivers in the air next to the ear, the vibrating fork is so held following to, but non affecting, the ear.A In the trial the patient is asked to find if the sound heard through the bone is louder or that heard through the air.A The consequences of the trial are categorized as positive, negative, or equivocal.A A negative Rinne trial is indicated when the sound is heard louder by bone conductivity than by air conductivity which suggests a conductive constituent of the hearing loss.A Although Rinne trial was found to be extremely specific in one survey ; the same writer has suggested that it should be carried out merely as a battalion up trial forA pure tone audiology in audiological rating of hearing loss ( Browning and Swan, 1988 ; Thijs and Leffers, 1989 ) .A The Schwabach tuning fork t rial compares patient s bone conductivity to the normal tester. Bing tuning fork trials determines the presence or absence of the occlusion effect.A Weber tunning fork trial determines the type of a one-sided hearing loss.A While Rinne trial compares air conductivity to cram conductivity in the same patient.A Although the tuning fork testing is easy and dependable ; it is still a subjective trial that depends on the response of the patient and the grade of hearing loss.A Additional drawbacks are that tuning fork testing is a qualitative and non a quantitative trial, and does non name the etiology of the conductive hearing loss. Pure-tone Audiometry. Pure-tone Audiometry is a behavioural trial that measures hearing threshold.A The trial has been used to name type and grade of hearing loss for more than one hundred old ages. During trial scene, the patient is subjected to different tones to prove the hearing mechanisms via air-conduction and bone conduction.A Typically, the normal degree of pure tone audiogram air and bone conductivity will lie between 0-15 dubnium HL for kids and 0-25 dubnium HL for adults.A Harmonizing to Northern and Downs ( 1991 ) , the grade of hearing loss can be classified in grownups as ( 0-25 dubnium HL ) within normal bounds, Mild ( 26-40 dubnium HL ) , Moderate ( 41- 55 dubnium HL ) , Moderate-Severe ( 56-70 ) , Severe ( 71-90 dubnium HL ) or Profound ( 91 + dubnium HL ) hearing loss.A In kids it is classified as normal ( 0-15 dubnium HL ) , Slight ( 15-25 dubnium HL ) , Mild ( 25-30 dubnium HL ) , Moderate ( 30-50 dubnium HL ) , Severe ( 50-70 dubnium HL ) , Profound ( 70 + dubnium HL ) hearing loss.A This categorization is applied to PTA of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz ( Roeser et al, A 2000 ) .A Different types of hearing loss are interpreted by comparing air conductivity thresholds to cram conductivity thresholds.A When the air conductivity threshold elevated to a maximal around 60-70 dubnium HL in the presence of normal bone conductivity threshold, this type of hearing loss is called conductive hearing loss.A In sensorineural hearing loss the pure tone audiogram shows both air and bone conductivity thresholds are elevated and with a 10 dubnium HL or less in between.A Mixed hearing loss shows lift in both air and bone conductivity thresholds, but with the bone conductivity threshold at better strengths than the air conductivity by 10 dubniums HL or more.A In both conductive and assorted hearing loss, the difference in air and bone conductivity thresholds is called air-bone spread ; and it represents the sum of conductive hearing loss nowadays ( Roeser et al, A 2000 ) . The usage of pure-tone audiology provides quantitative information sing the grade and type of hearing loss.A However, it does non name the cause of hearing loss and can non be used in babies, immature kids, and difficult-to-test subject.A Mannina ( 1997 ) reported that the diagnosing of in-between ear upsets in school-aged kids is less efficient when utilizing pure-tone audiology alone.A To better the diagnosing of in-between ear upset, Yockel ( 2001 ) demonstrated that the add-on of tympanometry to audiology does better the diagnosing of OME than utilizing audiology entirely. Measuring Middle ear map is a really of import measure in early diagnosing and intervention of conductive hearing loss.A Since the normally used subjective trials, the tuning-fork and pure tone audiology, can non place the etiology of underlying in-between ear disease, other nonsubjective steps such as acoustic immittance are needed for differential diagnosing and accurate diagnosing of specific in-between ear upsets. Acoustic Immittance. Several nonsubjective measurings of in-between ear map have been developed over the last four decades.A Various anatomical constructions of the in-between ear represent composite web system that affects the sound presented to the ear.A Not all the sound represented to the in-between ear is delivered to the cochlea, but some of the power is absorbed by the bony construction of the in-between ear ( Zwislocki, 1982 ) .A Acoustic Immittance utilizing tympanometry assess the in-between ear position by mensurating the transmitted sound energy to the in-between ear. Acoustic Immittance provides nonsubjective information about the mechanical transportation map in the outer and in-between ear.A Acoustic Immittance is defined, as the speed with which an objects moves in relative to an applied force, while Acoustic Impedance ( Za ) is the resistance offered by in-between ear and the TM to the flow of energy.A Mathematically acoustic entree ( Ya ) of a system is the reciprocal of impedance.A Acoustic Immittance refers jointly to acoustic entree, acoustic electric resistance or both ( Tympanometry. ASHA Working Group on Aural Acoustic-Immittance Measurements Committee on Audiologic Evaluation , 1988 ) .A Research workers have found that abnormalcies in the in-between ear transmittal might be reflected in the acoustic status of the TM ( Allen et al, 2005 ) .A Acoustic Immittance can be measured to individual probe-tone frequence ( individual frequence tympanometry ) or to series of multiple investigation frequences ( multifrequency tympanometry ) . Single frequence tympanometry. Tympanometry is one of the earliest nonsubjective methods used to measure in-between ear function.A Tympanometry measures the acoustic immittance of the in-between ear as a map of altering the air force per unit area in the ear canal.A A individual investigation tone tympanometry is the conventional step of in-between ear map in response to low frequence investigation tone, 226 Hz, under changing inactive air pressure.A A Evaluation of the acoustic immittance of normal and different in-between ear upsets was done by Otto Metz, 1946, and confirmed subsequently by Feldman, 1963 ( Katz, 2009 ) In 1970, James Jerger began to integrate immittance measuring into the everyday audiological evaluation.A Jerger classified tympanograms as type A, B, or C depending on the form of the tympanogram ( with or without extremum ) and location of the extremum when nowadays. Type A is the normal tympanogram with the extremum at or near the atmospheric force per unit area ( +25 to -100 daPa ) . Type A is farther divided into subtypes Ad and As for high and low peaked type A tympanograms severally ( Feldman, 1976 ) .A Type B tympanogram has no extremum and relates to middle ear gush, infection with normal ear canal volume, or due to big TM perforation with big ear canal volume.A Type C is a negatively shifted tympanogram that reflects Eustachian tubing disfunction, a precursor of serous OM, largely evolved from type B ( Katz, 2009 ) . Since 1970, individual frequence Tympanometry is the conventional clinical center ear step because it is a non-invasive, nonsubjective, and inexpensive index of many in-between ear pathologies in kids and adults.A Unfortunately, low frequence investigation tone tympanometry has high false negatives in babies younger than seven months ( Holte, Margolis, and Cavanaugh, 1991 ) . This is explained by the motion of the baby s ear canal wall with force per unit area alterations in the external ear canal due to immatureness of the cadaverous portion of the external auditory canal.A In add-on, tympanometry was found to be comparatively insensitive to many lesions that affect the ossiculate concatenation of the in-between ear ( Lilly, 1984 ) .A Furthermore, Keefe and Levi ( 1996 ) reported false positive tympanometry consequences compared to energy coefficient of reflection, a recent in-between ear map measure.A They found normal in-between ear energy coefficient of reflection at higher frequ ences in babies with level low investigation tone tympanometry.A A A A A A A A A A A A A Multifrequency tympanometry. Multifrequency TympanometryA ( MFT ) , which was foremost introduced by Colletti in 1976, measures in-between ear electric resistance utilizing multiple frequence investigation tones runing from 226-Hz to 500 HzA and up to 2000 Hz ( Colletti,1976 ) .A Similar to old treatment about the three elements of the mechanical system of the in-between ear, entree of the in-between ear has three constituents: stiffness ( compliant susceptance ) , aggregate susceptance and conductance ( opposition ) . A tympanometric form was developed by Vanhuyse and co-workers in 1975 that helped in construing the underlying in-between ear pathology utilizing MFT.A The Vanhuyse tympanometric form is based on the premise of the forms and locations of reactance ( X ) and opposition ( R ) tympanograms.A Using a transition equation the theoretical account can foretell the forms of susceptance ( B ) and conductance ( G ) tympanograms.A Vanhuyse et Als proposed four normal forms: 1B1G, 3B1G, 3B3G, and 5B3G as shown in Figure 2. 1B1G form is the normal tympanogram with a one susceptance ( B ) and one conductance ( G ) peak.A It occurs when reactance ( X ) is negative and its absolute value is greater than opposition ( R ) at all force per unit area used ( the ear stiffness is controlled ) .A As the investigation frequence increases the curve becomes more complex and notched. 3BIG theoretical account has three extremums of susceptance ( B ) and one conductance ( G ) peak.A It represent negative reactanc e ( X ) with an absolute value greater than opposition ( R ) at low force per unit area and smaller than opposition ( R ) at high pressure.A The 3rd theoretical account ( 3B3G ) appears when the ear is mass-controlled. In 3B3G theoretical account the reactance is positive and less than opposition ( X lt ; R ) at low force per unit area and negative at high force per unit area. 5B3G pattern occurs when the reactance is positive and greater than opposition ( X gt ; R ) at low force per unit area and going negative at high force per unit area ( Margolis, Saly, and Keefe, 1999 ) . Figure 2. A in writing presentation of the theoretical account presented by Vanhuyse, Creten and Van Camp ( 1975 ) .A The opposition ( R ) , negative opposition ( -R ) and the reactance ( X ) tympanograms is shown in the upper left corner of each panel.A Negative R is shown to compare the magnitude of the reactance X.A The corresponding entree ( Y ) , ( lower left corner ) , susceptance ( B ) , ( upper right corner ) and conductance ( G ) , ( lower right corner ) are besides shown in each panel.A Four forms are presented and classified harmonizing to the figure of extreme point in the susceptance B and conductance G tympanograms.A The form ( 1B1G ) in panel one shows both susceptance and conductance have individual extreme point and reactance is negative.A The form ( 3B1G ) in panel two shows conductance G is individual peaked with three extreme points in susceptance B, reactance Ten is still negative but its absolute value is greater than opposition at high pressure.A The form ( 3B3G ) in pan el three shows three extreme point in susceptance B, conductance G, and entree Y tympanograms, reactance Y is positive but less than opposition R.A The form ( 5B3G ) in panel four shows five extreme point in susceptance B tympanogram and three extreme point in conductance G, and entree Y tympanograms, reactance Y is positive and greater than opposition R at low force per unit area. Because of the usage of mensurating in-between ear map to several investigation tone frequence, MFT is considered superior to individual frequence tympanometry in observing high electric resistance pathological conditions of the in-between ear such as in-between ear gush, otosclerosis, and cholesteatoma.A Such pathological conditions were non detected by conventional tympanometry ( Colletti, 1976, Keefe and Levi, 1996, Shahnaz et al 2009 ) .A Several surveies have shown that MFT has higher sensitiveness and specificity in observing in-between ear pathologies such as TM mass or adhesions ( Margolis, Schachern, and Fulton, 1998 ) .A Besides, MFT is more sensitive than individual frequence tympanometry in placing normal and unnatural in-between ear status in newborns ( Shahnaz, Miranda, and Polka, 2008 ) .A However, MFT is of limited clinical usage for several grounds: long proving clip, limited frequence scope, and undependable informations above 1000 Hz ( AllenA et al, A 2005 ) .A The usage of wideband energy coefficient of reflection is shown to turn to the above restrictions of MFT. Wideband energy coefficient of reflection. The wideband energy coefficient of reflection ( WBER ) is a new technique that has been introduced late to measure in-between ear disfunction ( Keefe, Ling, and Bulen, 1992 ) .A Simply the thought of WBER is that incident sound to the ear is transmitted through the ear canal and TM, some of this sound energy is absorbed through the in-between ear and cochlea and portion of it is reflected back ( Figure 3 ) .A The energy coefficient of reflection ( ER ) is defined as the square magnitude of force per unit area coefficient of reflection AÂ ¦R ( degree Fahrenheit )AÂ ¦2, which represents the ratio of the sound energy reflected from the TM to the incident sound energy at frequence (degree Fahrenheit) .A ER ratio ranges from one to zero ( 1.0 = all incident sound energy is reflected, and 0.0 = all sound energy is absorbed ) ( Allen et al, A 2005 ) .A ER is an index of the in-between ear power to reassign sound ( Feeney, Grant, and Marryott, 200 3 ) . Energy coefficient of reflection ( ER ) measurers middle ear map over a broad set of frequences ( 0.2- 8 kilohertz ) .A ER is the ratio of the reflected energy ( ruddy pointer ) to the incident energy ( xanthous pointer ) .A When all incident sound energy is reflected back ER ratio peers one.A When all incident sound energy is absorbed ER peers zero.A Red pointer represents reflected sound energy ; xanthous pointer represents incident sound energy ; green pointer represent absorbed sound energy.A Modified from Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia: Ear anatomy . WBER measures in-between ear map utilizing a chirp stimulation at 65 dubnium SPL over a broad frequence scope, typically 0.2 to 8 kilohertzs and at fixed ambient force per unit area ( Feeney et al, 2003 ) .A Normative information has shown that most incident acoustic power is reflected back to the ear canal ( ER ratio closes to 1 ) at frequence scope below 1 kilohertzs or above 10 kilohertz that besides show hapless hearing threshold or at frequences below 1 kilohertzs and above 4 kilohertz ( less efficient in-between ear map ) ( Keefe, Bulen, Arehart, and Burns, 1993 ) .A More specifically, 50 % of the acoustic power is transmitted to the in-between ear between 1-5 kilohertz frequence scope, bespeaking that the most effectual in-between ear transportation map ( ER is at its lowest values, closer to one ) occurs around 1-5 kilohertz ( Allen et al, A 2005 ; Keefe et Al, 1993 ; Schairer, Ellison, Fitzpatrick, and Keefe, 2007 ) .A WBER has been used in mensurating normal in-between ear map and in-between ear upsets utilizing ambient force per unit area ( Allen et al, A 2005 ; Feeney et Al, A 2003 ; Shahnaz et al. , 2009 ) .A In other surveies the research workers used force per unit area to mensurate the acoustic stapedial physiological reaction ( Feeney and Sanford, 2005 ; Schairer et Al, A 2007 ) .A Development of the in-between ear in babies was besides investigated utilizing WBER ( Keefe and Abdala, 2007 ; Keefe e Al, 1993 ; Keefe and Levi, 1996 ) . Wideband energy coefficient of reflection in neonatal showing Keefe et Al. ( 1993 ) and Keefe and Levi ( 1996 ) reported that the acoustic response belongingss of the external and in-between ear varies significantly over the first 2 old ages of life.A These alterations, largely physical alterations, are responsible for the mass-dominant baby s in-between ear system with lower resonant frequency.A The chief constituents of this mass-dominant consequence is the pars flaccida of the TM, ossicles, and perilymph in the cochlea ( Van Camp, Margolis, Wilson, Creten, and Shanks, 1986 ) . The mesenchyme in baby s in-between ear may add to the mass consequence ( Meyer, Jardine, and Deverson, 1997 ) . This is wholly in contrast to adult s in-between ear, which is a stiffness-dominant system at low frequence ( Holte et al, 1991 ; Keefe and Levi, 1996 ) . The TM, sinews and ligaments, the infinite between the mastoid and the in-between ear pit, and the viscousness of the perilymph and the mucose liner of the in-between ear pit constitute the stiffness const ituent of the in-between ear ( Van Camp, Margolis, Wilson, Creten, and Shanks, 1986 ) . Recently, Shahnaz ( 2008 ) have compared MFT and WBER findings between normal grownups and normal-hearing newborns in the neonatal intensive attention units ( NICU ) , who passed the neonatal hearing testing test.A The research worker found maximal soaking up ofA the incident energy at narrower scope of frequenciesA ( 1.2 2.7 kilohertz ) in normal babes compared to grownups ( 2.8 4.8 kilohertz ) ( Shahnaz, 2008 ; Shahnaz et Al, 2008 ) .A This preliminary normative informations from 49 neonatal ears reflects the possible diagnostic benefits of the WBER trial in observing in-between ear gush in newborns. Wideband energy coefficient of reflection in otosclerosis A A A Although the chief unequivocal di

John Dalton Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society, John Dalton

John Dalton Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society, John Dalton John Dalton John Dalton was born on September 6, 1766, in Eaglesfield, England. He was the son of a weaver and received his early education from his father also at a Quaker school in his hometown, where he began teaching at the age of twelve. In 1781 he moved to Kendal, where he conducted a school with his cousin and older brother. He moved to Manchester in 1793, and lived there the rest of his life as a teacher, fist at New College and later as a tutor. He died on July 27, 1844. Dalton began a series of meteorological observations in 1787, that he continued for fifty-seven years. Altogether in the time he spent it added up to 200,000 observations and measurements on the weather in the Manchester region. His interest in meteorology led him to study a variety of phenomena as well as the instruments used to measure them. He was the first to prove the validity of the concept that the rain is precipitated by a decrease in temperature. Not by a change in temperature. His first work, Meteorological Observations and Essays(1793), attracted little attention. In the next year he presented a paper on color blindness to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. Dalton himself suffered from color blindness. This paper was the earliest description of vision, known as Daltonism.

The Effects of Social Media in Todays Society Research Paper

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Conformity and Obedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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A Review on Client Side Load Balancing

A Review on Client Side Load Balancing Prof. Vikas Nandgaonkar, Prof.Prashant Dongare Harshal Mahajan, Awadhoot Lele, Akshay Gaikwad Abstract : Load balancing is an important issue while managing server resources in a cloud environment. The concept behind load balancing is to manage server load which includes number of resources like avaliable RAM,CPU bandwisth, etc as well as to manage incoming request on the server. In cloud environment, it is important that even small application requests from clients must be served with an appropriate response, but in convensional approach, it becomes difficult to serve small data resourcesover large ones. Here load balancing plays an important role by managing and distributing load from one server evenly across multiple servers. Our approach is to perform load balancing at client side which means to shift load management process at client side hence reducing servers load balancing overhead. Keywords— string matching, experimental algorithms, text processing, automaton, pattern I. Introduction Cloud computing may be a new term within the computing world and it signals the appearance of a brand new computing. Cloud computing is Associate in Nursing on demand service within which shared resources, data, computer code and alternative devices area unit provided in step with the purchasers demand at specific time. It’s a term that is mostly employed in case of web. the complete web is viewed as a cloud. Capital and operational prices is cut victimisation cloud computing. Load equalisation in cloud computing systems is absolutely a challenge currently. continually a distributed resolution is needed. Jobs can’t be appointed to acceptable servers and purchasers separately for economical load equalisation as cloud may be a terribly complicated structure and elements area unit gift throughout a good unfold space. Our aim is to produce Associate in Nursing analysis and comparative study of those approaches. Cloud computing could be a bunk meaning totally different things to different individuals. For some, its simply in our own way of describing IT (information technology) outsourcing;others use it to mean any computing service provided over the Internet or an identical network; and a few outline it as any bought-in laptop service you utilize that sits outside your firewall. Different types of cloud Based on the domain or environment in which clouds are  used, clouds can be divided into 3 categories: Public Clouds It is type of cloud which can be access from  anywhere in the world and can be accessed by anyone. Examples of this cloud are Amazon’s or Google’s cloud  which are open to all after specific SLA between user and  provider. Private Clouds In this type of cloud the specific  organization’s or company’s employee can only get access  and it will be accessible only within organization’s premises  and by authenticating each and every user, it is not open to  all. Hybrid Clouds (combination of both private and public  clouds) This types of cloud are combination of both public  as well as private cloud. Most of the commercial use is  influenced by this type of cloud. Different services provided by Cloud Fig 1: Services of cloud.[1]. A. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Means we have a tendency to area unit buying access to raw computing hardware over world wide web,such as servers or storage. Since we have a tendency to get what you would like and pay-as-you-go, this is {often|this can be} often said as utility computing. normal net hosting may be a straightforward example of IaaS: we have a tendency to pay a monthly subscription or a permegabyte gigabyte fee to own a hosting company serves up files for our web site from their servers. B. Software as a Service (SaaS) Means we use a  complete application running on someone elses system. Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps  the best-known examples. C. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Means we develop  applications using Web-based tools so they run on systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, we might develop your own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment mechanism running on a merchants server. Force.com (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine are examples of PaaS. Existing Load Balancing Algorithm A. Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm: In a distributed system, dynamic load equalization is worn out 2 totally different ways: distributed and non-distributed. within the distributed one, the dynamic load equalization algorithmic program is dead by all nodes gift within the system and also the task of load equalization is shared among them. The interaction among nodes to attain load equalization will take 2 forms: cooperative and non-cooperative [4].Dynamic load equalization algorithms of distributed nature, typically generate additional messages than the non-distributed ones as a result of, every of the nodes within the system must move with each alternative node. A benefit, of this can be that though one or additional nodes within the system fail, itll not cause the overall load equalization method to halt, it instead would effects the system performance to some extent. Distributed dynamic load equalization will introduce Brobdingnagian stress on a system within which every node must interchange standing info with each alternative node within the system. In non-distributed kind, either one node or a gaggle of nodes do the task of load equalization. Non-distributed dynamic load equalization algorithms will take 2 forms: centralized and semi-distributed. within the initial kind, the load equalization algorithmic program is dead solely by one node within the whole system: the central node. This node is exclusively chargeable for load equalization of the entire system. the opposite nodes move solely with the central node. In semi-distributed kind, nodes of the system square measure partitioned off into clusters, wherever the load equalization in every cluster is of centralized kind. A central node is nonappointive in every cluster by acceptable election technique that takes care of load equalization at intervals that cluster. Hence, the load equalization of the entire system is completed via the central nodes of every cluster[4]. Strategies in Dynamic Load Balancing: 1) Transfer Policy: The part of the dynamic load balancing algorithm which selects a job for transferring from a local node to a remote node is referred to as Transfer policy or Transfer strategy. 2) Selection Policy: It specifies the processors involved in the load exchange (processor matching) . 3) Location Policy: The part of the load balancing algorithm which selects a destination node for a transferred task is reffered to as location policy or Location strategy. 4) Information Policy: The part of the dynamic load balancing algorithm responsible for collecting information about the nodes in the system is reffered to as Information policy or Information strategy. B. Distributed Load Balancing For the Clouds: (a) Honeybee Foraging Algorithm: In load-balancing operation,[2] every server takes a specific bee role with possibilities post exchange or pr. These values area unit wont to mimic the bee colony whereby an explicit range of bees area unit maintained as foragers – to explore (px); instead of as harvesters – to take advantage of existing sources. A server with success fulfilling asking can post on the advert board with likelihood pr. A server might at random select a virtual server’s queue with likelihood px(exploring), otherwise checking for an ad (watching a waggle dance). In summary, idle servers (waiting bees) follow one in every of 2 behaviour patterns: a server that reads the advert board can follow the chosen advert, then serve the request; therefore mimicking harvest behaviour. A server not reading the advert board reverts to forage behaviour; pairing a random virtual server’s queue request. associate degree corporal punishment server can complete the request and calculate the prof it of the just-serviced virtual server. Fig 2 :Virtual Servers and Advert Boards[2] II. Problem Statement To develop scalable, secure and fault tolerant client side load balancing application to leverage strength of cloud components[1] by using signature driven load management algorithm along with dynamic time wrapping[3]. Proposed System In our proposed model we establish cloud setup between  two computers using Ubuntu, xen and Eucalyptus on  peer to peer network. This can be discussed as follows- 1. Cloud Setup Creating cloud (test bed) by using  (Ubuntu, Xen and Eucalyptus 2. Resource Monitoring monitoring critical  resources like RAM, CPU, memory, bandwidth,  partition information, running process information and  utilization and swap usages etc. 3. Load Balancing load balancing algorithm for  homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures. 4. Testing In order to evaluate the performance of  complete setup, need to deploy resource monitoring and  load balancing tools on test bed and evaluate  performance of our algorithm. A. What is Resource Monitoring? Cloud computing has become a key manner for businesses to manage resources, that square measure currently provided through remote servers and over the web rather than through the recent hardwired systems that appear therefore out of date nowadays. Cloud computing permits corporations to source some resources and applications to 3rd parties and it means that less problem and fewer hardware in an exceedingly company. rather like any outsourced system, though, cloud computing needs watching. What happens once the services, servers, and web applications on that we tend to have faith in run into hassle, suffer period, or otherwise don’t perform to standard? however quickly can we tend to notice and the way we tend toll can we react? Cloud watching permits America to trace the performance of the cloud services we would be victimisation. whether or not we tend to square measure victimisation in style cloud services like Google App Engine, Amazon net Services, or a made-to-order answe r, cloud watching ensures that every one systems square measure going. Cloud watching permits America to follow response times, service accessibility and a lot of of cloud services in order that we are able to respond within the event of any issues. B. Approach to Resource Monitoring Here during this section we tend to area unit developing Associate in Nursing application in java where we tend to area unit observance the node resources like RAM, CPU, Memory, Bandwidth, Partition data, Running method data and utilization by employing a Third Party merchant application like SIGAR (System data Gatherer and Reporter). Proposed Algorithm Client side load balancing system which leverages strength of cloud components and overcomes above mentioned disadvantages Signature Driven Load Management(SigLM) using Cloud The above algorithm works by capturing system’s signature like available RAM, current CPU bandwidth available and other resources. Once captured, that value is compared with default threshold value and accordingly load like incoming requests is shifted to target node machine using Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) technique. Dynamic time wrapping works by considering source node as given by SigLM algorithm and makes some calculations to predict target node to which the load is to be shifted. This algorithm has better results than conventional algorithms with following advantages : Caption of resource signature. Scheduling by comparing signature of each server. 30%-80% improved performance than existing approaches Scalable, efficient and 0.0% overhead Dynamic time wrapping (DTW) for selection of target node at runtime. Client side means to perform load balancing before requests hit to server. D. Conclusion : In this paper we tend to created non-public Cloud setup mistreatment Ubuntu, xen and Eucalyptus which we tend to use as a workplace for closing implementation of DTW algorithmic program. we tend to conjointly did literature survey of existing resource observation tools additionally as load leveling tools and are available up with Associate in Nursing algorithmic program for various design with higher performance. In this paper we tend to discuss the implementation modules of Signature pattern matching DTW algorithmic program with the right flow diagrams that simplifies the work of Load Balancer. The planned metrics may be any refined by taking a lot of elaborate formalism for every module. References [1] Tony Bourke: Server Load Balancing, OReilly, ISBN 0-596-00050-2 [2] Chandra Kopparapu : Load Balancing Servers, Firewalls Caches,Wiley, ISBN 0-471-41550-2 [3] Robert J. Shimonski : Windows Server 2003 Clustering LoadBalancing, Osborne McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-222622-6 [4] Jeremy Zawodny , Derek J. Balling: High Performance MySQL,OReilly, ISBN 0-596-00306-4 [5] J. Kruskall and M. Liberman. The Symmetric TimeWarpingProblem: From Continuous to Discrete. In Time Warps,String Edits and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practiceof Sequence Comparison, pp. 125-161, Addison-WesleyPublishing Co., 1983. [6] Matthew Syme , Philip Goldie: Optimizing Network Performancewith Content Switching: Server, Firewall and Cache Loadbalancing, Prentice Hall PTR, ISBN 0-13 101468-5 [7] Anthony T.Velte, Toby J.Velte, Robert Elsenpeter, Cloud  Computing A Practical Approach, TATA McGRAW-HILL Edition22International Journal of Advances in Computing and Information ResearchesISSN: 2277-4068, Volume 1– No.2, April 2012 [8] 2010.Martin Randles, David Lamb, A. Taleb-Bendiab, A Comparative Study into Distributed [9] Load Balancing Algorithms for Cloud Computing, 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops. Mladen A. Vouk, Cloud Computing Issues, Research and Implementations, Proceedings of the ITI 2008 30th Int. Conf. on Information Technology Interfaces, 2008, June 23-26. [10] Ali M. Alakeel, A Guide to Dynamic Load Balancing in Distributed Computer Systems, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.10 No.6, June 2010. [11]  http://www03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22613.ws [12]  http://www.amazon.com/gp/browse.html?node=20159001 [13] Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/. [14] M. Vlachos, M. Hadjieleftheriou, D. Gunopulos, and E.Keogh. Indexing Multi-Dimensional Time-Series with Support for Multiple Distance Measures. Proc. of SIGKDD, 2003. [15] Keogh and C. A. Ratanamahatana. Exact indexing of dynamic time warping. Journal of Knowledge and Information Systems,2004.23

A Call To Occupy Movement Essay examples -- Social Issues

The Occupy Movement has inspired a domino-like effect the world over, starting rebellions from the Americas to Asia. The universal vision of the movement is its aim to get the 99% to overthrow the rules decided and regulated by the rich, the powerful and the one percent for the greater benefit of the one percent. According to the anonymous writers of the official Occupy Movement page, â€Å"to occupy is to embody the spirit of liberation that we wish to manifest in our society. It is to exercise our freedom to assemble. We are creating space for community, values, ideas, and a level of meaningful dialogue that is absent in the present discourse† (OccupyWallSt.org, 2011). The circulation of this idea to reach an extensive spectrum of people has never been as easy as it is in today’s globalized world. The world, just a few decades ago, was very different from the world we see today. Today, information from one country can be accessed ten thousand miles away in a few se conds—and it is this type of access to information that makes the rebellions, sprouting all over, possible. The amount of different opinions and ideas people in today’s society have is as great as the number of people who can access the Internet—the main thing that makes our world as globalized as it is. And all these people with Internet access can take action through occupation. A person who occupies the very streets the movement is being done in is another voice to the 99%, trying to change the old ways of politicians and company bigwigs. And with the movement’s growth, people continue and join the fight against dated practices still trying to be pushed forward by governments all over the world. The occupiers fight back; they do not stay in the clear; they figh... ...Nov. 2011 . Beinart, Peter. "Occupy Wall Street Will Have Seismic Effect, Marks Split With Obama, Dems." The Daily Beast. 26 Nov. 2011 . Adam, Karla. "Occupy Wall Street protests go global - The Washington Post." Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis. 26 Nov. 2011 . Moran, Lee. "Global protests: Occupy the London Stock Exchange takes over the City | Mail Online." Home | Mail Online. 26 Nov. 2011 .

Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain Essay

Sources A, B and C all give information about what happened at the battle of Dunkirk and about the evacuation. All three sources were written by British people which means that the sources could be biased or contain incorrect information. Source A was written by Commander Thomas Kerr, a naval officer sent to organise the evacuation. Since the naval officer is British we can speculate that the source is biased. Thomas Kerr starts off by saying â€Å"What a terrible night that was, for we had got hold of the odds and ends of an army, not the fighting soldiers.†- this suggests to us that it was a horrible night, the soldiers they had got hold of were like the leftovers from the battle, they were depressed, hungry and they had low morale we know that this could be true because in the DVD we saw in class called ‘The Finest Hour’, a documentary about the evacuation of Dunkirk from a BBC television series, we see soldiers like Peter Vaux who hadn’t eaten for 5 days and was very tired. This source tells us that they weren’t fighting soldiers which we can say is true because if all the suggestions above are true, we can truly conclude that the soldiers weren’t ready to fight. Thomas Kerr goes on to say â€Å"There were hardly any officers, and the few present were useless†- this implies that there were hardly any officers left because they could have been killed or captured during the evacuation, and for the ones that were their they were probably so taken aback by the events going on that they could no longer instruct. It could also tell us that the officers there were tired or injured, so they couldn’t do much. This could be biased because Thomas Kerr could be trying to make us think that the officers were useless to try and make him or other naval commanders look good. Thomas Kerr then says â€Å"but our promise of safety, and the sight of our naval uniforms, resorted some order to the rabbleâ€Å"- this tells us that the navy was promising the soldiers safety and that their ‘glorious’ uniforms resorted some order to the rabble, this can be seen as biased because Thomas Kerr is making us think that the navy was powerful and saying it as if though the navy were the leaders, he himself is a part of the navy and just wants to make them look superior and heroic. Thomas Kerr lastly says â€Å"Their faith in the navy was pathetic; we could only do our best.†- this suggests that the soldiers didn’t really believe in the navy that they thought of them as they did everyone else, it then suggests that they could only do their best. Overall, this source gives us a lot of information on what happened in the evacuation of Dunkirk although quite a bit of the information is biased, in favour of the British and the navy there is some truth in the source.

BMW group essays

BMW group essays Bayerische Motoren Werke, more known as BMW was founded in 1916 in Germany. The company specialized in making automobiles, motorcycles and software. The first mentioned was to become their main funding source, accounting for nearly 75 per cent of the companys sales. They were to become one of the top automobile makers in Europe. BMWs road to success has not been an easy one! During World War One the company was established to manufacture engines; in 1945 they were still leading manufacturer of aero-engines in Germany. When World War Two came to an end, the aero-engine market and BMWs capital equipment was under serious threat. Since Germany lost the war, the demand for aero-engines was temporarily non-existent. Even if there would be a demand, they would not get a part of it since BMWs main factory was now in the Soviet occupation zone. Trying to survive, BMW concentrated on automobile production, but without a focus, offering a wide range of cars. They produced everything from small bubble cars to limousines but failed to meet the markets demand. Facing bankruptcy in 1959, BMW found a powerful shareholder, Herbert Quandt. He would help the company to get things right again and only a couple years later they launched BMW 1500. This car helped BMW automobile brand to establish a reputation for engineering excellence. Today it is hard to single out a specific factor that contributed to the success that have made BMW one of the most profitable automobile manufacturers in the world. Therefore we will take a closer look into those factors in our description and analysis of BMW automobiles. The problem statement in this case and also considered as a future problem for the BMW group: How will they manage to retain their top position in the automobile industry on their own, without being forced to become a part of a merger or get acquisitioned? ...

Rational Choice Theory

Rational Choice Theory Sociology of religion According to Johnson, when defining the sociology of religion we look at the definition of the term religion as well as the task sociology has in the study of religion. Sociology plays an important role in the study as it involves the recognition of the social reality of any social phenomenon (Johnson 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Johnson, sociology is the study of how human beings interact with each other within groups. It focuses on how such interactions have an influence on human behavior. In other words, sociology is a field of science that strives to explain the group dynamics and how the groups have influenced individuals and human activities. Groups influence human behavior as they change, shape, and modify an individual’s behavior in one way or another. Groupings exist in the family setting, educational pro grams, as well as peer associations (2). In this respect, religion can be a subject of sociological study as it falls within the constraints of a group. Religion is a group phenomenon because religious organizations tend to organize themselves in groups known as congregations, fellowships, dioceses, and denominations. In this case, sociology helps us understand religion as a social phenomenon (Johnson 3). According to Johnson, sociologists in attempting to define religion have come up with two forms of definitions. There are substantive as well as functional definitions. They go hand in hand in coming up with a clear-cut definition of religion. The substantive and the functional definitions provide a foundation in which one can understand the meaning of religion and the impact it has on the lives of the people. The substantive definition focuses on the nature of religion when it is at its core. In other words, it focuses on the essence of religion (9). On the other hand, the functio nal definition mainly focuses on the impact religion has to the people who practice the religion. In combining the two definitions, sociologists have defined religion to be a phenomenon whose subject matter involves the provision of answers to all questions. It is a phenomenon that is sacred, holy and one that has a supernatural bearing (13). At this point, the sociology of religion involves the description of the reality of religion. According to Johnson, sociology approaches all its subjects with neutrality as well as objectivity when describing reality. Religion is no exception despite its emotional nature and the immeasurable values attached to it. In other words, by the fact that religion qualifies to be a group phenomenon, its sociological investigation must be neutral and objective. In addition, the sociology of religion is of empirical nature. In any study including the study of religion, one must come up with the relevant empirical information and data. This involves factua l analysis, evidence, as well as verifiable procedures. In this case, the sociology of religion involves subjecting the study of religion to scientific methods (7).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The importance of the sociology of religion However, sociology’s limitation in describing the reality of religion exists as it can only make conclusions on the phenomenon that can be perceivable. To support or dispute any sociological theory, the relevant empirical data and information has to accompany the study. In this case, the study of religion involves forces that are generally unperceivable as it is a sacred, spiritual, and supernatural phenomenon. In addition, religion encompasses emotions and faith, which are incapable of measurement (Johnson 8). In this respect, many have argued that sociologists cannot study religion, as they cannot describe the unobservable (Johnson 7). However, according to Yinger, empirical investigation may not be capable of fully revealing the essence of religion. However, its participation to the study of religion has a great contribution to understanding religion. The argument of the church stained window supports the relevance of the empirical study of religion. To fully admire the beauty and understand the message on the church stained window it requires one to be inside the church. However, the view from the inside constitutes a fraction of what one can learn regarding the window. One can only appreciate the context of the exterior framework when he is outside. In addition, in studying the stained church window we may consider information that does not relate with viewing the window from the outside or from the inside. For example, we may consider the reasons for its installation and make comparisons with other windows of the same nature. It is therefore, important in the study of religion to consider the soci ology of religion as an avenue to help us understand religion (4). The sociology of religion involves answering questions of religion empirically has the effect of amplifying our understanding. In other words, sociology can be an additional tool to further our understanding to the study of religion. Rational choice theory The rational choice theory strives to provide an explanation regarding the purpose of religion in the society. The essence of the theory is not only centered on religion’s persistence but also deals with the observation of ubiquity of religion within different societies (Bellah 19). The rational choice theory entails that human beings make social, economic, and political choices through rationalization. They can also make rational religious choices. Rational choices come about in instances whereby a person chooses not to address his opinion in a group whereby everyone has an opposing opinion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Johnson, constrains of human rationality are found within the extent of their understanding and the information they posses. In addition, human beings make rational choices based on their tastes and preferences. Rational choice theorists have introduced the aspect of supply and demand for purposes of understanding why people make certain choices that dictates their religious behavior. They argue that religion brings forth rewards and gains in which the religious people desire. For example, likeminded people fellowship together, provides emotional support to each other, and the promise of a brilliant life when one dies. However, the dynamics of demand and supply entail that for every reward or gain there is a cost. In this case, the cost comes in the form that one has to change his lifestyle to conform to what the religion dictates (37). In some instances, it may involve sacrificing one’s leisure time to take part in the religious group’s activities. According to Johnson, the rational choice theory does not strive to explain the origin of religion. The rational choice theory comes in to explain the reasons why people turn to the religious ideas and systems for answers, solutions, and protection (36). Yinger, Milton. The Scientific Study of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1970. Print. Bellah, Robert. The Ritual Roots of Society and Culture, a Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print. Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in Society, a Sociology of Religion. Pearson: Prentice-Hall, 2007. Print.

Brand Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brand Management - Case Study Example The process of developing a brand is often lengthy and tedious. Besides being tedious and lengthy, a lot of care has to be taken throughout the process because it is a long-term venture in that once the brand is released to the public, it will remain there until maybe the owners of the brand decide to better it, withdraw or transfer it. The process ranges from getting the brand name also called the trademark (Belinda, 2000: p1), to the promotion and marketing of the brand before and after its release to the market.The brand itself is surrounded by a number of attributes whose absence means that there is no brand at all. Brand, therefore, may be said to be the sum total of all the intangible attributes of the product. These attributes include things like the name the presentation represented by the packaging, its history, its reputation, its pricing and even its advertisement approach. All these are necessary for the success of the brand in the marketplace but advertisement and market ing of the brand have greater stakes in the determination of the brand success. Marketing involves advertisement and it is synonymous to promotion. It is necessary that the public has to be aware of the product if at all they have to buy. As stated earlier, the brand can apply to both the product produced and the identity of the company itself. It is important that before the product is marketed, the company should be marketed first to prepare the public of what the company stands for, its values, commitments etc.... Besides being tedious and lengthy, a lot of care has to be taken through out the process because it is a long term venture in that once the brand is released to the public, it will remain there until maybe the owners of the brand decide to better it, withdraw or transfer it. The process ranges from getting the brand name also called the trademark (Belinda, 2000: p1), to the promotion and marketing of the brand before and after its release to the market. The brand itself is surrounded by a number of attributes whose absence means that there is no brand at all. Brand therefore may bee said to be the sum total of all the intangible attributes of the product. These attributes include things like the name the presentation represented by the packaging, its history, its reputation, its pricing and even its advertisement approach. All these are necessary for the success of the brand in the market place but advertisement and marketing of the brand have greater stakes in the determination of the brand success. Marketing involves advertisement and it is synonymous to promotion. It is necessary that the public has to be aware of the product if at all they have to buy. Therefore, marketing is very important as far as the marketplace success of the brand (Rik et al 2003). As stated earlier, brand can apply to both the product produced and the identity of the company itself. It is important that before the product is marketed, the company should be marketed first to prepare the public of what the company stands for, its values, commitments etc. This will help the public create associations when the product eventually hits the market. Brand marketing, in the sense of the corporate identity, is the management of the media and

Blogs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blogs - Coursework Example Basically, there is no conflict of interests between the two agencies. A couple of wrong approaches by the police officials should not be cited to brand the entire police force as wrong. KC Veatch(2008) in his article â€Å"The Effect of Collective Bargaining on the Use of Innovative Policing,† makes mention about â€Å"three methods of innovative policing: citizen review boards, early warning systems, and the use of in-car camera systems.†(Paper 14)The public is interested in getting service. In substance, it is not interested whether the powers are with the union representatives or with the management officials. But progressively, more and more powers are wrested by the latter as such they would be concerned in retaining the goodwill of the public. Policing is a responsive function. Just because there are bad elements in the public, policing becomes necessary. In an ideal society free from violence and negativities the question of policing does not arise. But to attai n such a perfect state is impossibility and the question of law enforcement comes to the fore. In the conditions obtaining today, unions continue to expand as such the community of utilizing collective bargaining has come to stay and will expand and it will be beneficial to law enforcement. The provisions of Constitution of America apply uniformly for all its citizens. There are no divisions like ordinary citizens and police citizens. When a police officer is being investigated, he is entitled for all the benefits of a fair trial like any other privileged citizen. Police officers work under tremendous stress and at times the disposition of the investigating officer seem bad, but finding solutions to the tough cases is not kindergarten stuff. The life of a police officer is filled with uncertainties and he too is aware of his constitutional duty to maintain

Summary of strategic strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary of strategic strategy - Essay Example For instance, Apple has gone through three different versions of the iPhone, each time introducing new capabilities into the product. Therefore, new technology can continuously be integrated into the product. In the past five years, they have tripled their sales. Although this has occurred with the return of Jobs at the helm of Apple Jobs, like Apple, believes that innovation is very important when it comes to new products. The idea of the iphone came when Apple realized how much most and individuals did not like their cell phones. Apple saw an opportunity to make a great phone that everybody would want to use again and again. This is often how Apple comes up with ideas for products. They see an opening in the market and decide to make the best product possible to fit in with that need. Apple believes in making sure all of its products are excellent. Furthermore, Apple wishes to inspire its employees by letting them know that they can do things the Apple they would not be able to do anywhere else. Apple also believes in hiring the best people in order to give them a piece of the business and the thin do as they please with it. They want their employees to make excellent decisions and contribute to the company overall. Furthermore, Apple police and always working hard are in hard are to make the best products possible. ... Book Analysis: Our textbook describes a company's importance as far as setting goals is concerned. It can be argued that Apple definitely sets goals, but unlike the structures presented in the book, they tend to use their own approach. As mentioned in the article analysis, Apple likes to find an area and the market that one could consider a whole. When the fullest discovered, Apple then dressed of formal product that will fill that need. The Iphone has been the perfect example of this. As Apple realize people were generally unhappy with their cell phones, they set the goal of coming up with a better cell phone.When Apple sets a goal, they tend to stick with the school. They do not tend to diversify, which is against many of the ideas presented in the textbook. Apple has found that by concentrating on a few products they are better able to meet their consumers happy. Apple believes that diversification will make them spread themselves too thin, and therefore, their products will not be as good or a successful.The book also mentions that the company should agree on performance measures. Apple however says that likes to hire people who are never satisfied. Apple's sphere of satisfaction comes with the fact that they believe satisfaction may reduce one's ability to perform or set better goals. Therefore, they strive to do better and better no matter how good their performance measures currently are. This information conflicts with the information that is presented in the book.One item of the book that Apple does agree with is the concept of making business strategies flexible. This can be seen with the various concepts that had been